Grade one — what a milestone you and your child have reached together! It’s an exciting time full of learning and opportunities for growth. But with that comes the task of preparing for first grade.

Kids are expected to have a certain set of skills at every stage of the educational journey. You might be wondering if your child has the academic and social-emotional skills necessary to thrive in grade one, as well as what they’re expected to learn by the end of the year.

In kindergarten, many children acquire both academic and social skills through methods like play-based learning. When they start elementary school for the first time, your child will have to get used to a different classroom structure and learning schedule.

Scroll down to see what your child should know entering first grade, what they should learn by the end of the year and how you can help prepare your child for a fun and successful year. 👇

It’s important to recognize that what a child entering first grade should know will vary based on their previous school experience, especially since preschool and kindergarten aren’t always mandatory depending on the state or province in which you live.

Developing basic social skills during the early years is essential for success in first grade. Your child will be expected to know how to follow the rules of conversation, such as taking turns and listening to others when they’re speaking.

They’ll also be expected to know some basic academic skills in areas like math and literacy. Some of these include:

Adding and subtracting numbers up to 10
Counting the number of objects in a group
Grouping objects to break up numbers up to 10
Identifying people, places and things in a picture
Answering questions about a passage or story their teacher reads
Writing and differentiating between upper and lowercase letters of the alphabet

When they step out of kindergarten and into first grade, your child brings existing skills and acquires new foundational knowledge that will help them progress and succeed in second grade.

As a parent or guardian, you might think that your child is just practicing skills they already learned in kindergarten. But it’s important to remember that educators use first grade to help students further understand concepts and master skills. Try not to be too concerned about repetition right away.

We’ll get into more details below, but here’s a quick look at some of the benchmarks your child should have a grasp on at the end of first grade:

Know right from left
Read and write common sight words
Work independently for short periods of time
Try to write and spell new words phonetically
Read aloud and understand first grade-level books
Do addition and subtraction problems with numbers 0 to 20
Write full sentences with correct capitalization and punctuation
Tell time on analog and digital clocks to the nearest hour and half-hour

Remember: every child learns differently. So as you go through this checklist, treat it as a guideline — not the be-all and end-all of your child’s first grade experience.

Classroom and social skills

While many parents are rightly concerned about academic success, it’s important to also acknowledge the value of social emotional learning. In fact, nurturing these soft skills is a key aspect of the kindergarten curriculum. From playing with other children to sharing to actively listening, social skills aren’t just helpful in the classroom — they’re helpful in life.

Joins in group activities
Resolves conflicts using words
Asks for adult help when necessary
Adapts to change with relative ease
Plays, shares and works with others
Follows classroom rules and routines
Uses materials with purpose and respect
Shows eagerness and curiosity as a learner
Respects others’ feelings and personal space
Demonstrates self-confidence and a sense of self-worth
Pays attention to a single task for an extended period of time

Math skills

In first grade math, your child’s teacher will cover different types of strategies for adding and subtracting numbers up to 20 (or more, depending on students’ skill levels). Your student will also learn things including how to tell time, sequencing, and measurements.

To help your child understand these concepts, their teacher will use teaching tools like number lines, clocks, dice, counters, ten frames, base ten blocks and unifix cubes.

Numbers, operations and problem-solving skills

Writes numbers 0 to 20
Names numbers 0 to 20
Compares and classifies objects
Uses counting skills to add to 10
Uses lists or graphs to record and organize data
Identifies, duplicates and extends various patterns
Attempts to solve problems using manipulatives or their fingers

Geometry and measurement

Knows how to identify, label and create various shapes
Grasps and uses comparative words (e.g., heavy and light, long and short, big and little)
Estimates and measures real quantities using non-standard units (blocks or paperclips)
Familiarizes themself with common measuring instruments (e.g., rulers and thermometers)

Telling time and counting money

Understands the calendar and time
Knows the days of the week, months and year
Knows how much a penny, nickel, dime and quarter are worth

Reading skills

You can expect your child to experience a lot of reading growth in first grade. They’ll practice things like growing their sight word vocabulary — i.e., words that don’t follow the rules of spelling or the six types of syllables like who, come or does — and retelling simple stories.

You can also expect regular spelling tests that aim to solidify their understanding and ability to write or read certain words.

Retells a simple story
Identifies basic sight words
Associates letters and sounds
Distinguishes fact from fiction
Recognizes rhymes and rhyming patterns
Recognizes all the letters of the alphabet in order
Group common words (e.g., animals, shapes, colors)
Recognizes words whether they’re spoken or written
Knows and properly prints capital and lowercase letters
Recognizes the who, what, when, where and why of a story
Knows likenesses and differences of letter sounds in spoken words
Uses pictures clues in text to identify words and construct meaning
Spots a book’s title, author and illustrator name, and table of contents
Starts understanding basic characteristics of stories, fables and legends
Shares personal stories to express how they relate to characters or situations
Predicts what will happen in a passage or story based on the title and pictures
Builds understanding of punctuation marks (e.g., exclamations, questions and periods)

Writing skills

As your child’s reading skills improve, so will their first grade writing skills. While they enter first grade knowing how to read and write simple words, they’ll likely leave knowing how to write short sentences — with proper capitalization and punctuation, too!

Handles writing utensils correctly
Conveys messages by writing words
Builds sentences with simple words
Writes familiar words, including their name
Depicts words or ideas using letters or shapes
Progresses from left to right and top to bottom

Social studies skills

Your child might not recognize it right away but, in social studies, they’ll learn that their classroom is a microcosm of society. In first grade, students will work towards becoming better people as they learn about the rules and responsibilities of citizens, as well as how the world beyond their classroom works.

Identifies and locates places using maps or globes
Understands the concepts of past, present and future
Knows significant individuals from their country’s history
Recognizes their country’s symbols (e.g., national animal, flag)
Knows holidays that commemorate people and historical events
Knows, to some degree, about other cultures and cultural traditions
Grasps history’s concept (i.e., a collection of real stories of past people, times, events and places)
Recognizes communication methods from past to present day (e.g., oral, pictographs, mail, email, etc.)

Science skills

It might surprise you to know that first graders cover a few different types of science — physical, earth, life and environmental — building on scientific knowledge they learned in kindergarten.

In addition to scientific facts, your child’s teacher will also teach their first graders about the importance of observing, recording and sharing information.

Identifies basic weather patterns
Understands that all living things have basic needs
Knows the difference between living and non-living things
Recognizes how living things change as they grow and mature
Recognizes different states of matter (i.e., solid, liquid and gas)
Draws conclusions based on observations and exploration (i.e., experiments)
Compares and describes the structural characteristics of plants and animals
Recognizes how people impact the Earth (e.g., pollution, conservation and recycling)
Knows the differences between types of environments (e.g., dry, wet, cold and hot) and their inhabitants

As a parent or guardian with a child entering first grade, one of the most important things they’ll need is a cheerleader.

There are some big structural differences as they transition from kindergarten to first grade. But with the tips below, you can help your child be successful.

1. Familiarize yourself with the first grade curriculum

Academic standards can vary quite a bit from state to state. While we’ve outlined some of the most important skills a first grader should learn, you can find the exact first grade curriculum on your state’s department of education website.

2. Be actively involved in your child’s education

Over 30 years of research has shown that parental involvement in education is the best indicator for student achievement. Parental involvement looks different in every household and the type of involvement needed will vary child to child.

We know that parents’ or guardians’ schedules can conflict, making involvement challenging. Depending on the schedules, it could look like:

Leaving notes of encouragement in their lunch or school bags
Helping your child with homework questions, or pointing them in the right direction
Making sure your child has access to resources and sufficient learning tools (e.g., rulers, mobile devices, pencils, book and bookbags)

3. Take advantage of parent teacher conferences

Parent-teacher conferences are a great way to connect with your child’s teacher and go over your child’s progress. If there are any questions about their social or academic progress, their teacher should be able to answer them for you.

If there are any areas your child needs help with, a parent-teacher conference is a perfect way to come up with a plan that works best for your child. The teacher will appreciate it, too, because the information you provide can help them teach your child more effectively.

4. Align edtech programs with their curriculum

If your child uses any digital game-based learning programs, make sure they are standards-aligned. That way, their screen time can still be educational!

One of the reasons teachers use Prodigy Math Game in their curricula is because it’s an engaging app that contains math curriculum standards for students in 1st to 8th grade to practice as they play.

In Prodigy Math Game, your child creates a wizard and explores a fantastic world full of quests! Success in the game requires them to correctly answer standards-aligned math questions which adapt to their learning needs.

Plus, you can download the parent app and link your child’s account to see their math progress, send them motivating rewards and more!

Everything we’ve shared looks like a lot of information, but children are like sponges. You’ll likely be amazed at how much they learn in first grade.

While your child works on mastering all those new skills, focus on the four tips above to help your child prepare for first grade. You’ll be glad you did!